沙达娜|立冬辞秋,草木摇落
发布日期:2024-11-06 14:42:40

迎冬

立冬与立春、立夏、立秋合称四立、古代社会中是个重要的节日。过去是个农耕社会,劳动了一年,利用立冬这一天要休息,顺便犒赏一家人的辛苦。谚语“立冬补冬,补嘴空”就是最好的比喻。古时此日,天子有出郊迎冬之礼,并有赐群臣冬衣、矜恤孤寡之制。后世大体相同。《吕氏春秋.盂冬》:“是月也,以立冬。先立冬三日,太史谒之天子,曰:‘某日立冬,盛德在水。’天子乃斋。立冬之日,天子亲率三公九卿大夫以迎冬于北郊。还,乃赏死事,恤孤寡。”高诱注:“先人有死王事以安边社稷者,赏其子孙;有孤寡者,矜恤之。”晋崔豹《古今注》:“汉文帝以立冬日赐宫侍承恩者及百官披袄子。”又“大帽子本岩叟野服,魏文帝诏百官常以立冬日贵贱通戴,谓之温帽。”

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